Menopause

Menopause is the point at which menstrual periods stop permanently, confirmed after twelve consecutive months without a period.

It marks the end of ovarian reproductive function and typically occurs in the early fifties, though timing varies and it can arrive earlier after surgery or certain medical treatments. Falling estrogen levels produce the familiar symptoms: hot flashes and night sweats, sleep disruption, vaginal dryness, mood changes and shifts in memory or concentration. The years after menopause also bring faster bone loss and changes in heart and metabolic health.

Diagnosis is usually made from age and menstrual history alone, with hormone tests reserved for unclear situations. The transition leading up to it is called perimenopause and can last several years. Cannabinoids have been the subject of survey research among women in midlife, but controlled trials on menopausal symptoms are sparse and no established use exists.