THC toxicity

THC toxicity, or tetrahydrocannabinol toxicosis, is the set of neurological and bodily effects an animal shows after ingesting enough THC to overwhelm its cannabinoid receptors.

Dogs and cats are more sensitive to THC than people, in part because dogs carry a higher density of CB1 receptors in the cerebellum and brainstem. Signs usually begin within an hour or two of ingestion and include wobbling, dilated pupils, glassy eyes, dribbling urine, drooling, a slow heart rate, low body temperature, vomiting and an exaggerated startle response; severe cases can progress to tremors, seizures or coma. Death is rare but has been reported, especially when the source also contained chocolate, xylitol or other toxins.

Exposure most often comes from edibles, discarded plant material or smoke, though items labeled hemp-derived can contain more THC than stated. Veterinarians diagnose the condition from history and signs, since urine tests designed for people are unreliable in dogs, and care is supportive. Any owner who suspects exposure should contact a veterinarian or an animal poison control line promptly and report the amount and source honestly.