Lactation

Lactation is the production and release of milk from the mammary glands to feed an infant, a period during which substances in the parent's blood can pass into the milk.

Fat-soluble compounds transfer readily into breast milk, and cannabinoids are highly fat-soluble. Studies have detected THC in breast milk for days after use, and cannabidiol and its metabolites are expected to behave similarly, although data on CBD specifically are sparse. Infants have immature liver enzymes and clear such compounds slowly. Because ethical constraints limit controlled trials, most knowledge comes from small observational studies and measurements of milk samples.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration strongly advises against using cannabis or CBD products in any form while breastfeeding, citing unknown effects on the developing infant and the potential for contamination of products with THC, pesticides, or heavy metals. Hemp products are not exempt from this advice. Readers meet this topic in FDA consumer updates and in prenatal care guidance. Anyone who is nursing and has questions about cannabinoids is encouraged to speak with an obstetric provider or pediatrician.