Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and interaction along with restricted interests, repetitive behaviors and sensory sensitivities.

The word spectrum reflects wide variation: some autistic people need substantial daily support, while others live independently and may not be identified until adulthood. Signs often emerge by age two or three and can include limited eye contact, delayed or unusual language, strong routines and intense focus on particular topics. Co-occurring conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, gastrointestinal problems and sleep disturbance are common.

Diagnosis is made by trained clinicians through developmental history, direct observation and standardized assessment tools, since no blood test or scan can confirm it. Support focuses on communication, behavioral and educational interventions tailored to the individual. Cannabidiol-rich formulations have been examined in preliminary studies of autistic children, with mixed results and designs that often include THC, so evidence remains heterogeneous.